2016年6月大学英语四级真题及答案解析
partiwriting
directionsrthispart,youareallowed30nutestowritealettertoexpressyourthankstooneofyourschoolteachersuponenteringllegeyoushouldwriteatleast120wordsbutnorethan180words
partiilisteningrehension
?sectiona
directionsthissection,youwillhearthreenewsreportsattheendofeachnewsreport,youwillheartwoorthreequestionsboththenewsreportandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonceafteryouhearaquestion,youstchoosethebestanswerfrohefourchoicesrkeda),b),c)andd)thenrktherrespondingletteronanswersheet1withasinglelihroughthecentre
questions1and2arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustheard
1a)howllegestudentscanirovetheirsleephabits
b)whysufficientsleepisiortantforllegestudents
c)whyllegestudentsarerelikelytohavestressproble
d)howllegestudentscanhandletheirpsychologicalproble
2a)itisnoteasytoiroveone'ssleephabits
b)itisnotgoodforstudentstopyvideogas
c)studentswhoarebetterpreparedgenerallygethighersresinexanations
d)kingst-nutepreparationsfortestsybelesseffectivethansleeping
questions3and4arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustheard
3a)whetherreairportsshouldbebuiltaroundlondon
b)whetheradequateinvestntisbeingdetoiroveairportfacilities
c)whetherthebritishairportsauthorityshouldselloffsoofitsassets
d)whetherthespanishanyuldofferbetterservice
4a)inefficientnagentb)poorownershipstructure
c)ckofinnovationandetitiond)ckofrunwayandternalcapacity
questions5to7arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustheard
5a)reportthenitinententoftheircigarettes
b)setalittotheproductionoftheircigarettes
c)takestepstoreducenitineintheirproducts
d)studytheeffectsofnitineonyoungskers
6a)thebiggestincreaseinnitinententtendedtobeinbrandsyoungskerslike
b)bigtobaoanieswerefrankwiththeircustorsaboutthehazardsofsking
c)brandswhichntainhighernitinententwerefoundtobechrepopur
d)tobaoaniesrefusedtodiscussthedetailednitinententoftheirproducts
7a)theyprosedtoreducethenitinententincigarettes
b)theyhavenotfullyrealizedtheharuleffectofnitine
c)theywerenotpreparedtoentonthecigarettestudy
d)theywillpayreattentiontothequalityoftheirproducts
?sectionb
directionsthissection,youwillheartwolongnversationsattheendofeachnversationyouwillhearfourquestionsboththenversationsandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonceafteryouhearaquestion,youstchoosethebestanswerfrohefourchoicesrkeda),b),c)andd)thenrktherrespondingletteronanswersheet1withasinglelihroughthecentre
questions8to11arebasedonthenversationyouhavejustheard
8a)indonesiab)holndc)swedend)engnd
9a)gettingaachwhocanofferrealhelp
b)talkingwithherboyfriendindutch
c)learninganguagewhereitisnotspoken
d)acquiringthenecessaryabilitytosocialize
10a)listeningtonguagepraontheradio
b)tryingtospeakitaschasonecan
c)kingfriendswithnativespeakers
d)practicingreadingaloudasoftenaspossible
11a)itcreatesanenvironntforsocializing
b)itoffersvariousurseswithcreditpoints
c)ittrainsyoungpeople'sleadershipabilities
d)itprovidesopportunitiesfornguagepractice
questions12to15arebasedonthenversationyouhavejustheard
12a)theiactofenginedesignonroadsafetyb)therolepolicenpyintrafficsafety
c)asenseoffreedorivinggivesd)rulesandregutionsfordriving
13a)kecarswithautotiontrolb)kecarsthathavebetterbrakes
c)kecarsthatarelesspowerfuld)kecarswithhigherstandards
14a)theytendtodriveresponsiblyb)theyliketogoathighspeed
c)theykeepwithinspeedlitsd)theyfollowtrafficrulesclosely
15a)itisabadideab)itisnotuseful
c)itisaseffectiveasspeedbusd)itshouldbeinedwitheducation
?sectionc
directionsthissection,youwillhearthreepassagesattheendofeachpassage,youwillhearthreeorfourquestionsboththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonceafteryouhearaquestion,youstchoosethebestanswerfrohefourchoicesrkeda),b),c)andd)thenrktherrespondingletteronanswersheet1withasinglelihroughthecentre
questions16to18arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard
16a)thecardgotdagedb)thecardwasfoundinvalid
c)thecardreaderfailedtodothescanningd)thecardreaderbrokedownunexpectedly
17a)byveringthecreditcardwithayerofpstic
b)bycallingthecreditcardanyfornfirtion
c)byseekinghelpfrohecardreaderkerverifone
d)bytypingthecreditcardnuerintothecashregister
18a)affectthesalesofhigh-techliances
b)changethelifestyleofnyaricans
c)givebirthtonynewtechnologicalinventions
d)producenylow-techfixesforhigh-techfailures
questions19to21arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard
19a)theyaresetbythedeanofthegraduateschool
b)theyaredeternedbytheadvisingboard
c)theyleavechrooorirovent
d)theyvaryangdifferentdepartnts
20a)bynsultingtheexaningitteeb)byreadingthebulletinofrtion
c)byntactingthedepartntalofficed)byvisitingtheuniversity'swebsite
21a)theyspecifythenuerofcreditsstudentsstearn
b)theyarehardertoetthanthoseforundergraduates
c)theyhavetoberovedbytheexaningittee
d)theyarethesaangvariousdivisionsoftheuniversity
questions22to25arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard
22a)studentsjoringinnutritionb)studentsinhealthcsses
c)phdcandidatesindietingd)ddleandhighschoolteachers
23a)itsoverestiteoftheeffectofdietingb)itsstakennceptionofnutrition
c)itschangingcriteriaforbeautyd)itsoverehasisonthinness
24a)toillustrateherpointthatbeautyisbutskindeep
b)todenstratethegiceffectofdietingonwon
c)toexpinhowuterigescanbesleading
d)toprovethattechnologyhasiactedourculture
25a)topersuadegirlstostopdieting
b)toproteherownnceptofbeauty
c)toestablishaionalnnectionwithstudents
d)tohelpstudentsridtheelvesofbadlivinghabits
partiiireadingrehension
?sectiona
directionsthissection,thereisapassagewithtenbnksyouarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachbnkfrolistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassagereadthepassagethroughcarefullybeforekingyourchoiceseachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletterpleaserktherrespondingletterforeachitenanswersheet2withasinglelihroughthecentreyouynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankrethanonce
questions26to35arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard
ntrarytopopurbelief,olderpeoplegenerallydonotwanttolivewiththeirchildrenreover,stadultchildreneverybitaschcareandsupporttotheiragingparentsaswasthecaseinthe"goodolddays",androostolderpeopledonotfeel
about80%ofpeople65yearsandolderhavelivingchildren,andabout90%oftheaventactwiththeirchildrenabout75%ofelderlyparentswhodon'tgotonursinghoslivewithin30nutesofatleastoneoftheirchildren
however,havingntactwithchildrendoesnotguaranteehinessinoldageinfact,soresearchhasfoundthatpeoplewhoarestinvolvedwiththeirfalieshavethelowestspiritsthisresearchybe,however,asillhealthoftenkesolderpeoplereandtherebyincreasesntactwithfalyerssoitisrelikelythatpoorhealth,notjustfalyinvolvent,spirits
increasingly,researchershavebeguntolookatthequalityofretionships,ratherthanatthefrequencyofntact,betweentheelderlyandtheirchildrenifparentsandchildrenshareinterestsandvaluesandagreeonchildrearingpracticesandreligioustheyarelikelytoenjoyeachother'sanydisagreentsonsuchtterscancauseprobleifparentsareangeredbytheirdaughter'sdivorce,dislikehernewhusband,anddisroveofhowsheisraisingtheirgrandchildren,arethattheyarenotgoingtoenjoyhervisits
aabandonedbadvancedcbiaseddchances
eitntfdaensgdependenthdistant
ifrequentjfulfillntkgrantlrely
rovidenunderstandablyounrealistically
?sectionb
directionsthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatentsattachedtoiteachstatentntainsrtiongiveninoneoftheparagraphsidentifytheparagraphfrohichthertionisderivedyouychooseaparagraphrethanonceeachparagraphisrkedwithaletteranswerthequestionsbyrkingtherrespondingletteronanswersheet2
uldfoodshortagesbringdowncivilization
a)fornyyearsihavestudiedglobagricultural,popution,environntandenoctrendsandtheirinteractionstheinedeffectsofthosetrendsandthepoliticaltensionstheygeneratepointtothebreakdownofgovernntsandsocietiesyeti,too,haveresistedtheideathatfoodshortagesuldbringdownnotonlyindividualgovernntsbutalsoourglobalcivilization
b)icannolongerignorethatriskourntinuingfailuretodealwiththeenvironntaldeclinesthatareunderningtheworldfoodenoforcestoncludethatsuchalpseispossible
c)asdendforfoodrisesfasterthansupplies,theresultingfood-priceinftionputsseverestressonthegovernntsofnyuntriesunabletobuygrainrowtheirown,hungrypeopletaketothestreetsindeed,evenbeforethesteepcliingrainpricesin2008,thenueroffailingstateswasexpandingifthefoodsituationntinuestoworsen,entirenationswillbreakdownataneverincreasingrateinthe20thcenturytheinthreattointernationalsecuritywassuperpowernflict;todayitisfailingstates
d)statesfailwhennationalgovernntscannolongerprovidepersonalsecurity,foodsecurityandbasicsocialservicessuchaseducationandhealthcarewhengovernntslosetheirntrolonpower,wandorderbegintodisintegrateafterapoint,untriescanbesodangerousthatfoodreliefworkersarenolongersafeandtheirpraarehaltedfailingstatesareofinternationalncernbecausetheyareasourceofterrorists,drugs,weaponsandrefugees,threateningpoliticalstabilityeverywhere
e)thesurgeinworldgrainpricesin2007and2008—andthethreattheyposetofoodsecurity—hasadifferent,retroublingqualitythantheincreasesofthepastduringthesendhalfofthe20thcentury,grainpricesrosedraticallyseveraltisin1972,forinstance,thesoviets,regnizingtheirpoorharvestearly,quietlyrneredtheworldwheatrketasaresult,wheatpriceselsewhererethandoubled,pullingriceandrnpricesupwiththeutthisandotherpriceshockswereevent-driven—droughtinthesovietunion,crop-shrinkingheatintheusrnbeltandtheriseswereshort-livedicestypicallyreturnedtonorlwiththenextharvest
f)inntrast,recentsurgeinworldgrainpricesistrend-driven,kingitunlikelytoreversewithoutareversalinthetrendstheelvesonthedendside,thosetrendsincludetheongoingadditionofrethan70llionpeopleayear,agrowingnuerofpeoplewantingtoveupthefoodchaintonsuhighlygrain-intensiveatproducts,andthessivediversionofusgraintotheproductionofbio-fuel
g)asinsriseanglow-innsurs,thepotentialforfurthergrainnsutionishugebutthatpotentialpalesbesidethenever-endingdendforcrop-basedfuelsafourthofthisyear'susgrainharvestwillgotofuelcars
h)whataboutsupplythethreeenvironntaltrends—theshortageoffreshwater,thelossoftopsoindtherisingteeratures—arekingitincreasinglyhardtoexpandtheworld'sgrainsupplyfastenoughtokeepupwithdendofallthosetrends,however,thespreadofwatershortagesposesthestiediatethreatthebiggestchallengehereisirrigation,whichnsus70%theworld'sfreshwaterllionsofirrigationwellsinnyuntriesarenowpuingwateroutofundergroundsourcesfasterthanrainfallcanrefilltheheresultisfallingwatertablesinuntrieswithhalftheworld'speople,includingthethreebiggrainproducers—china,indiaandtheus
i)aswatertableshavefallenandirrigationwellshavegonedry,china'swheatcrop,theworld'srgest,hasdeclinedby8%sinceitpeakedat123lliontonsin1997butwatershortagesareevenreworryinginindiallionsofirrigationwellshavesignificantlyloweredwatertablesinalsteverystate
j)astheworld'sfoodsecurityfallstopieces,individualuntriesactingintheirownself-interestareactuallyworseningthetroublesofnythetrendbeganin2007,whenleadingwheat-exportinguntriessuchasrussiaandargentinalitedorbannedtheirexports,inhopesofincreasinglocalfoodsuppliesandtherebybringingdowndosticfoodpricesvietnaanneditsexportsforseveralnthsforthesareasonsuchvesyelinatethefearsofthoselivingintheexportinguntries,buttheyarecreatingpaniciniortinguntriesthatstrelyonwhatisthenleftforexport
k)inresponsetothoserestrictions,grain-iortinguntriesaretryingtonaildownlong-terradeagreentsthatwouldlockupfuturegrainsuppliesfood-iortanxietyisevenleadingtoneweffortsbyfood-iortinguntriestobuyorleasefarandinotheruntriesinspiteofsuchteoraryasures,soaringfoodpricesandspreadinghungerinnyotheruntriesarebeginningtobreakdownthesocialorder
l)sincethecurrentworldfoodshortageistrend-driven,theenvironntaltrendsthatcauseitstbereversedwestcutcarbonessionsby80%froheir2006levelsby2020,stabilizetheworld'spoputionateightbillionby2040,letelyrevepoverty,andrestoreforestsandsoilsthereisnothingnewaboutthefourobjectivesindeed,wehavedesubstantialpressinsopartsoftheworldonatleastoneofthese—thedistributionoffaly-pnningservicesandtheassociatedshifttosllerfalies
fornyinthedevelopntunity,thefourobjectiveswereseenaspositive,protingdevelopntaslongastheydidnotsttoochotherssawthespoliticallyrrectandrallyropriatenowathirdandfarresignificanttivationpresentsitselfingthesegoalsybenecessarytopreventthelpseofourcivilizationyetthestweprojectforsavingcivilizationwouldaunttolessthan$200billionayear,16ofcurrentgloballitaryspendingineffect,ourpnisthenewsecuritybudget
36thererecentsteepcliingrainpricespartlyresultsfrohefactthatreandrepeoplewanttonsuatproducts
37socialorderisbreakingdowninnyuntriesbecauseoffoodshortages
38ratherthansuperpowernflict,untriesunabletopewithfoodshortagesnownstitutetheinthreattoworldsecurity
39sopartsoftheworldhaveseensuessfulilentationoffalypnning
40theauthorhastoagreethatfoodshortagesuldultitelyleadtothelpseofworldcivilization
41increasingwatershortagesprovetobethebiggestobstacletoboostingtheworld'sgrainproduction
42thestforsavingourcivilizationwouldbensiderablylessthantheworld'scurrentlitaryspending
43tolowerdosticfoodprices,sountrieslitedorstoppedtheirgrainexports
44environntalproblestbesolvedtocasethecurrentglobalfoodshortage
45aquarterofthisyear'saricangrainharvestwillbeusedtoproducebio-fuelforcars
?sectionc
directionsereare2passagesinthissectioneachpassageisfollowedbysoquestionsorunfinishedstatentsforeachoftheherearefourchoicesrkeda),b),c)andd)youshoulddecideonthebestchoiceandrktherrespondingletteronanswersheet2withasinglelihroughthecentre
?passageone
questions46to50arebasedonthefollowingpassage
decliningntalfunctionisoftenseenasaproblefoldage,butcertainaspectsofbrainfunctionactuallybegintheirdeclineinyoungadulthood,anewstudysuggests
thestudy,whichfollowedrethan2,000healthyadultsbetweentheagesof18and60,foundthatcertainntalfunctions—includingasuresofabstractreasoning,ntalspeedandpuzzle-solving—startedtodulsearlyasage27
dipsinry,anwhile,generallybecaarentaroundage37
ontheotherhand,indicatorsofaperson'sautedknowledge—likeperfornceontestsofvocaburyandgeneralknowledge—keptirovingwithage,aordingtofindingspublishedinthejournalneurobiologyofaging
theresultsdonotanthatyoungadultsneedtostartworryingabouttheirriesstpeople'sndsfunctionatahighlevelevenintheirteryears,aordingtoresearchertithysalthouse
"thesepatternssuggestthatsotypesofntalflexibilitydecreaseretivelyearlyinadulthood,butthattheauntofknowledgeonehas,andtheeffectivenessofintegratingitwithone'sabilities,yincreasethroughoutallofadulthoodiftherearenodiseases,"salthousesaidinanewsrelease
thestudyincludedhealthy,educatedadultswhotookstandardtestsofry,reasoningandperceptionattheoutsetandatsopointoverthenextsevenyears
thetestsaredesignedtodetectsubtlechangesinntalfunction,andinvolvesolvingpuzzles,recallingwordsanddetailsfrotories,andidentifyingpatternsinllectionsoflettersandsyols
ingeneral,salthouseandhislleaguesfound,certainaspectsofgnitiongenerallystartedtodeclineinthete20sto30s
thefindingsshedlightonne-retedchangesinntalfunction,whichuldaidinunderstandingtheprocessofdentia,aordingtotheresearchers
"byfollowingindividualsoverti,"salthousesaid,"wegaininsightingnitionchanges,andypossiblydisverwaystoslowtherateofdecline"
theresearchersarecurrentlyanalyzingthestudyofparticipants'healthandlifestyletoseewhichfactorsghtinfluenceage-retedgnitivechanges
46whatistheonviewofntalfunction
aitvariesfroersontopersonbitweakensinone'steryears
citgraduallyexpandswithageditindicatesone'shealthndition
47whatdoesthenewstudyfindaboutntalfunctions
asodiseasesinevitablyleadtotheirdecline
btheyreachapeakattheageof20forstpeople
ctheyarecloselyretedtophysicandntalexercise
dsooftheegintodeclinewhenpeoplearestillyoung
48whatdoestithysalthousesayaboutpeople'sndsinstcases
atheytendtodeclineinpeople'steryears
btheirflexibilitydeternesone'sabilities
ctheyfunctionquitewelleveninoldage
dtheirfunctioningisstilpuzzletobesolved
49althoughpeople'sndsyfunctionlessflexiblyastheyage,they__
aybebetteratsolvingpuzzles
bcanrizethingswithreease
cyhavegreaterfacilityinabstractreasoning
dcanputwhattheyhavelearntintoreeffectiveuse
50aordingtosalthouse,theirstudyyhelpus__
afindwaystoslowdownourntaldecline
bfindwaystoboostourries
cunderstandthelexprocessofntalfunctioning
dunderstandtheretionbetweenphysicandntalhealth
?passagetwo
questions51to55arebasedonthefollowingpassage
thestiortantthinginthenewsstweekwastherisingdiscussioninnashvilleabouttheeducationalneedsofchildrentheshorthandeducatorsuseforthisis"pre-k"—aninginstructionbeforekindergarten—andthebigideaistoprepare4-year-oldsandevenyoungerkidstobereadytosueedontheirk-12journey
butitgetslicatedthencepthasltiplefor,andschorsandpolicykersargueabouttheshape,speandstoftheidealprap>thefederalheadstartpraunched50yearsago,hasservedrethan30llionchildrenitwasbasedonnceptsdevelopedatvanderbiltuniversity'speabodyllegebysusangray,thelegendarypioneerinearlychildhoodeducationresearch
anewpeabodystudyofthetennesseevoluntarypre-kpraeportsthatpre-kworks,butthegainsarenotsustainedthroughthethirdgradeitseetothishighlightsqualityissuesinelentaryschoolsrethanpre-k,andindicateslonger-teruessstnnectpre-kwithalltheotherissues,retedtoeducatingachild
pre-kisntroversialsocriticssayitisaluxuryandshouldn'tbefreetofaliesabletopaypre-kadvocatesinsistitisprovenandwillsueedifintegratedwiththerestofthechild'sschoolingileantowardthetterview
thisis,inanycase,therightnversationtobehavingnowasyanbarrytakesofficeshewasthefirstcandidatetospeakoutforstrongpre-kpraingtheiortantthingisforallofustokeepinndtherealgoandthelonger,biggerpicture
theweightoftheevidenceisonthesideofpre-kthatearlyinterventionworkswhatgovernnthasnotyetfoundisthepoliticalwilltoputthatunderstandingintofullpracticewithasequenceofsrtschoolingthatprovidestheearlyfoundation
forthispurpose,ourschoolsneedboththetalentandtheanizationtoeducateeachchildwhoarrivesattheschoolhousedoorsoshowupready,butnydonotatthiscriticaltiwhenyoungbrainsaredevelopingrapidly
51whatdoestheauthorsayaboutpre-kindergarteneducation
aitshouldcatertotheneedsofindividualchildren
bitisessentialtoaperson'sfutureacadecsuess
cschorsandpolicykershavedifferentopinionsaboutit
dparentsregarditasthefirstphaseofchildren'sdevelopnt
52whatdoesthenewpeabodystudyfind
apre-kachieventsusuallydonotstlong
bthethirdgraderksanewphaseoflearning
cthethirdgradeiscriticaltochildren'sdevelopnt
dqualityhasnotbeenthetopncernofpre-kpra
53whendoestheauthorthinkpre-kworksthebest
awhenitisaessibletokidsofallfaliesbwhenitisdepartofkids'education
cwhenitisnolongernsideredaluxurydwhenitisdefunandenjoyabletokids
54whatdowelearnaboutyanbarry
asheknowstherealgoalofeducationbsheisayorofinsightandvision
cshehasoncerunapre-kprasheisafirupporterofpre-k
55whatdoestheauthorthinkiscriticaltokids'education
ateachingthodbkids'interest
cearlyinterventiondparents'involvent
partivtranstion
directionsrthispart,youareallowed30nutestotransteapassagefrohineseintoenglishyoushouldwriteyouranswerontheanswersheet2
在山东潍坊市，风筝不仅仅是玩具，而且还是这座城市文化的标志。潍坊以“风筝之都“而闻名，已有将近2400年放飞风筝的历史。传说中国古代哲学家墨子用了三年时间在潍坊制作了世界上首个风筝，但放飞的第一天风筝就坠落并摔坏了。也有人相信风筝是中国古代木匠鲁班发明的。据说他的风筝用木头和竹子制作，飞了三天后才落地。
答案解析